Capital Gains Tax Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Capital Gains Tax - Research Paper Example (Market Value $ 40,000 Less Asset Cost $ 50,000 = Capital misfortune $ 10,000). Anyway being a depreciable resource this sum can not be set off against the capital increases from different resources. Under the uniform capital stipends framework that applies from 1 July 2001, any increase or misfortune from a devaluing resource is remembered for your assessable pay, or deductible as an adjusting change, to the degree the benefit was utilized for an available reason (for instance, to create assessable pay). The independent company CGT concessions don't have any significant bearing to gains you make on deteriorating resources that are remembered for your pay under the uniform capital remittances framework. The Capital Gains coming about because of Goodwill is dependent upon the Capital Gains Tax. In the moment case there is a capital addition of $ 15,000 (Market Value $ 90,000 Minus Cost $ 75,000) which will be remembered for the available capital increases. The capital additions coming about because of land and structures is likewise to be remembered for the capital increases charge counts. The exchange would bring about a capital increase of $ 50,000 (Market Value $ 200,000 short expense $ 150,000) that will pull in the capital additions charge. At the point when the net resources esteem under the Maximum ... At the point when the net resources esteem under the Maximum Net Asset Value Test the estimation of the net resources doesn't surpass $ 6 million. Net resources for this reason does exclude offers, units or different interests, non-business resources, individual resources including the home. The Net resource esteem is determined as the market estimation of the advantages short liabilities identifying with those benefits. At the point when the turnover of the business doesn't surpass $ 2 million At the point when the CGT occasion offering ascend to the capital addition occurred after 11.45am on 21 September 1999, and At the point when the benefits included are possessed the advantage required for in any event a year. Under the Active Asset Test if the business is as yet existing and the advantages are possessed for under 15 years the benefit must be a functioning resource not long before the CGT occasion and for in any event half of the time of proprietorship. For an advantage for be named as 'dynamic resource' it must be and is utilized or held prepared for use by a private company CGT member, or a substance associated with the independent venture, over the span of carrying on a business, or an impalpable resource characteristically associated with a business being carried on by the element (for instance, generosity) The CGT markdown isn't restricted to capital increases from business resources. The rebate permits people (remembering accomplices for organizations) and trusts to lessen their capital addition by 50%1 Private company CGT concessions The accompanying four CGT concessions are accessible just for private company. 1 The private company 15-year exception gives an absolute exclusion to a capital increase on a CGT resource in the event that you have constantly claimed the benefit for in any event 15 years and the pertinent individual is 55 or over and resigning, or is for all time crippled. 2 The independent company half

Strengths Of Animation And Its Technology Art Essay

John Stuart Mill And Liberalism Essay

John Stuart Mill (May 20, 1806, Pentonville, England †May 8, 1873, Avignon, France) was one of the best and most persuasive liberal scholars of the XIX century and furthermore a popular political market analyst and a Liberal Member of Parliament from 1865 to 1868 (Plank). As a noticeable scholar, Mill presented another regulation of freedom and can be considered as a top notch liberal and a below average utilitarian (Reeves). John Stuart Mill (Source: httpwww. liberalinternational. orgeditorial. aspia_id=685) Imagined just because as a short exposition in 1854, Mill’s acclaimed and tremendously compelling book On Liberty that he distributed in 1859 is viewed as one of the establishing philosophical works of old style progressivism and furthermore one of the most major messages on the idea of freedom. In the book which concerns social and common freedom, the thinker investigates the idea of the force that society can really practice over people, and promoters their good and financial opportunity from the state (John Stuart Mill; John Stuart Mill: Political Philosopher). The most significant point and reason for freedom made by Mill in his book is that â€Å"Over himself, over his own body and psyche, the individual is sovereign†. People practice their power both through their judgment and activities. The fundamental thoughts that Mill clarifies in his On Liberty could be assembled into the accompanying areas. 1. Plant opens his treatise by calling attention to that the administration is a â€Å"dangerous weapon† in the event that it isn't fittingly controlled and if its power isn't restricted by the freedom of the residents. Along these lines, Mill recommends, residents will be managed by a legislature whose standard is ensured against abuse and oppression. Be that as it may, at a given stage society forms into popular government â€Å"Page # 2† which doesn't fear oppression any more yet where the larger part can undoubtedly condemn or underestimate a minority gathering of society and infringe on their privileges or freedom. Factory considers it the â€Å"tyranny of the majority† and trusts it is a lot of more terrible than the oppression of government since it is simpler for people to be shielded from a despot than â€Å"against the oppression of the predominant assessment and feeling†. He saw a threat of the old constraint of oppressive rulers being supplanted by â€Å"despotism of custom†. Rules of lead, in this manner, would be founded on the dominant part feeling and there would be no insurance in law against its oppression (John Stuart Mill). He underscores that social oppression is the more serious risk than political oppression for current countries, for example, Britain (Heydt). As in Mill’s see the predominant sentiments inside society are not really the right feelings from one perspective, and an individual has the privilege to pick whatever inclination for his ethical convictions then again, Mill infers that this circumstance isn't right and out of line. For this situation, people will be hurt, at that point their power over themselves will be disabled (John Stuart Mill). 2. Plant contends for a need of reasonable rule that would oversee people inside society, and subsequently presents and clarifies his purported hurt standard which should manage the constraints of mediation in an individual’s activities. People can go about as they wish as long as their activities don't hurt others. Society ought not intercede if the activity influences just the people that embrace it despite the fact that these people are hurting themselves. In Mill’s see, in an enlightened network society has the privilege to really practice control over any person without wanting to just so as to forestall mischief to other people. Be that as it may, Mill recognizes two classifications of â€Å"harms†. On the off chance that an individual neglects to make good on charges, salvage another suffocating individual, or show up in court to give proof, at that point these demonstrations (which he calls demonstrations of exclusion) ought to be qualified as destructive and might be directed. In any case, if people give their agree to face challenges without misrepresentation or power, for instance, by tolerating risky work offered by others, this isn't considered as hurting them (demonstrations of commission). â€Å"Page # 3† For this situation, society isn't permitted to mediate aside from when people sell themselves into subjection (John Stuart Mill). 3. Kids can’t deal with themselves and may rather hurt themselves inadvertently. That is the reason, Mill clarifies, they don't have power over themselves, the damage standard can’t be relevant for this situation and society is permitted to meddle with them without wanting to. Brutes fall into this classification, as well. Plant expresses that brutes can’t be sovereign over themselves and that dictatorship over them might be legitimized in situations when the final product is an amazing improvement. Be that as it may, when they become increasingly enlightened and have the ability to choose for themselves, they should be given freedom from the administration and its oppression. Genuine instances of this, Mill delineates, are Charlemagne and Akbar the Great who sympathetically controlled and â€Å"helped† brute countries better deal with their lives (John Stuart Mill). 4. As per Mill, human freedom incorporates a few segments without which people can’t be genuinely free: †¢ Individuals are allowed to think as they wish, and to feel as they do (the opportunity to assessment and of discourse). Factories contends that the right to speak freely is vital for social advancement on the grounds that permitting individuals to openly communicate their suppositions and thoughts, regardless of whether they are bogus, is valuable for two reasons. In the first place, in an open trade of thoughts people are probably going to comprehend that a portion of their convictions might be wrong and will in this manner desert them. Second, during the time spent discussion people reaffirm their convictions and keep them from transforming into negligible authoritative opinion. Factory accepts that it is significant for people to comprehend why their convictions are valid (John Stuart Mill). †¢ Individuals are allowed to seek after tastes anyway â€Å"immoral† they might be considered by others insofar as they are not destructive to other people (John Stuart Mill). â€Å"Page # 4† †¢ Individuals are allowed to meet with others (the opportunity of gathering) (John Stuart Mill). 5. Factory accepts that religion ought to be condemned similarly as are different frameworks of thought paying little mind to the offense that such analysis may cause. One of fundamental purposes which represented Mill’s philosophical undertakings for his entire life was his responsibility to supplant Christianity with a Religion of Humanity (Carey). 6. Mill’s liberal thoughts made him a promoter of the advancement of effective nearby government and affiliations and he savagely restricted focal control. He contended for the parents’ commitment to instruct their youngsters however objected to focal training framework run by the state (John Stuart Mill). In what concerns singular opportunities, it is very critical to comprehend that Mill gives the particular avocations for them since he accepts they will advance the advancement of human advancement and will be useful for society. Factory doesn't view freedom as a standard of significant worth and doesn't specify any regular privileges of people in his conversations. Rather he is predominantly worried about the utility of rights and opportunities of people for the social advancement (John Stuart Mill; John Stuart Mill: Political Philosopher). Numerous pundits call attention to that Mill disparaged the significant job of social request and custom as a wellspring of security or opportunity. His radicalism is likewise debilitated according to different pundits who don't share his amazingly idealistic perspective on human instinct. They are especially negative about his ruddy conviction that it is humans’ adapted commitment in a persistent endeavor to accomplish self-improvement that outcomes in the presence of different characters and perspectives (Reeves). Factory is likewise regularly reprimanded for legitimizing the privilege of one created country to practice oppression over other immature countries (or â€Å"barbarians† as he calls them) in light of the fact that it presents to them the advantages and points of interest of higher human progress (John Stuart Mill and Liberal â€Å"Page # 5† Imperialism). In spite of analysis, the amazing enormity of Mill lies in his status and eagerness to join the two his musings and activities. He was a dynamic scholar who was all set to prison for his convictions. It isn't astounding then that six years after he distributed his incredible book On Liberty, he chose to represent parliament so as to all the more likely actualize his convictions. His most realized activities incorporate the acquaintance of a change with the Reform bill in an effective endeavor to give ladies equivalent democratic rights; his determined quest for Governor Edward Eyre for having mercilessly stifling an uprising in Jamaica; his savage resistance to the suspension of habeas corpus in Ireland; his fruitful battle against an endeavor to disallow exhibitions or gatherings out in the open parks, and numerous others (Reeves). All around, Mill’s vocation as a liberal lawmaker could be viewed as a relative disappointment. His presentation was generally acclaimed, however he regularly ended up contrary to the points and wishes of his voters. He was very hesitant to bargain with his own standards just to get backing of his electorate, and this brought about his inability to be reappointed in 1868 (John Stuart Mill: Political Philosopher). 200 years after his introduction to the world, Mill’s progressivism is still relevant(Source: http://www. prospect-magazine. co. uk/article_details. php? id=7439) Factories knew that On Liberty just as numerous others of his philosophical works raised a few significant issues, for example, the oppression of â€Å"uniformity in conclusion and practice† which would be more confronted people in the future than were by his own and that a few pundits accepted that these issues were

Different Research Methods Essay Example for Free

Distinctive Research Methods Essay â€Å"When it goes to their wellbeing, laborers consistently know best.† (Workers Health International Newsletter No. 42).† Analyze the distinctive research techniques that associations and laborers use to recognize sick wellbeing brought about by work. Presentation The point I have decided to investigate for this task will be â€Å"When it goes to their wellbeing, laborers consistently know best.† (Workers Health International Newsletter No. 42).† Analyze the diverse research techniques that associations and laborers use to recognize sick wellbeing brought about by work. I have decided to investigate this subject to perceive what diverse research techniques are out there and what sort of data we can assemble from them. I will do this by breaking down and assessing each known technique, and afterward setting up which is progressively appropriate for my own working environment. I mean to have the option to utilize a portion of these examination techniques on my individuals and in my work environment, to check whether there are any potential perils in the work environment. Subsequent to evaluating a portion of these exploration techniques I will group the information and if an issue is raised make a strategy to take out the issue. I likewise expect to impart my discoveries to my individuals and present this information at the following wellbeing and security meeting. What sorts of research strategy is there? A basic research strategy would be to â€Å"look and listen† by this I mean watch your environmental factors, tune in to individuals concerns, check things like the mishap book or has there been various cases? Another sort of research can be to do examinations between various things in the work environment for instance does one region have more mishaps then another or does a territory have extra risks contrasted with others. An extremely valuable research technique for attempting to see whether there is a particular medical issue with your work is body mapping. Body mapping is a method of recognizing regular examples of medical issues among laborers in a specific working environment or doing likewise work. While it isn't sure that any such normal afflictions are business related, it features regions for additional examination. A comparative method is chance mapping/peril mapping where as opposed to featuring territories of torment on the body like a body map does this features hazards on a guide of the work environment. From this guide you will have the option to develop an away from of where the risks lie in the work environment. One of the most well known kinds of research is to do a study, this might be on the grounds that there are bunches of various ways you can do overviews and you can tailor them to be as explicit as you need. You don’t even need to think of the poll yourself as there are a great deal of pre made ones online which may satisfy your necessities. Another examination technique is to analyze records to check whether you can discover any peculiarities or similitudes in the information. Records can go from asbestos registers to pesticide visas. Advantages and disadvantages of research strategies Body mapping One of the geniuses of body mapping is that it is a straightforward beginning stage to have the option to distinguish medical issues inside the workforce. Another bit of leeway is that it is anything but difficult to set up, and speedy to have the option to take an interest in, even those with inabilities and the individuals who are not English talking can share, which ought to urge individuals to participate. The outcomes can be quickly acquired, and are clear and simple to present to the executives. A quality of utilizing this strategy is that it can raise wellbeing and security mindfulness in the work environment, and afterward at long last body mapping can be unknown, ideally promising more individuals to get included. A shortcoming of the body mapping strategy is that it is just a beginning stage for examination, and it is difficult to nail down to work issues, thus you would need to line it up with various research techniques, for instance: studies and conversations to attempt to feature what the peril might be. A detriment is that all employees’ who have partaken would need to do a similar activity all together for the information to work or you need to do numerous body maps (the perils may shift from occupation to work). Overviews One of the benefits of utilizing the overview technique is that it very well may be passed on in different manners, for example, email, web, paper or post. This style of research makes it simple to target enormous populaces of individuals. Another genius is that the overview can be as explicit or general as you can imagine, subordinate upon the inquiries you wish to pose. You can pose open inquiries which will give you nitty gritty reactions, or shut inquiries which rush to decipher information from and you will get quick outcomes. By utilizing this strategy you can more than once utilize a similar overview over some stretch of time to survey any progressions that might be occurring. A detriment of this technique is that study configuration frequently requires extraordinary aptitudes from the scientist in examining legitimate inquiry plan and examination. Another shortcoming is open inquiries can make a great deal of information which is tedious to break down and it might likewise put individuals off taking an interest. Reviews probably won't be available to all individuals, for example, remote specialists or individuals with incapacities. Another disadvantage is that it is hard to get individuals to take an interest as it requires some investment to finish or they can't be irritated. Hazard mapping By utilizing the hazard mapping strategy, it can feature to laborers any potential risks that they might be presented to, and any physical, synthetic or organic issues that may emerge while carrying out the responsibility. Work environment hazard mapping is where laborers can get together to get these worries down on paper. This methodology removes the control from specialists like wellbeing and security experts, by utilizing the information on laborers and recognizing the basic commitment they make, and are created from regular encounters. Hazard maps can be upgraded if the dangers are coded utilizing hues or images, it might even be conceivable to coordinate these codes to regions with body mapping results. A favorable position of utilizing this technique is that it can permit laborers to monitor management’s exercises to cure the dangers the guide has recognized. A detriment of the hazard mapping strategy is laborers may need enthusiasm for the procedure, and wish to disregard risks in their work region, particularly on the off chance that they have been carrying out the responsibility for quite a while, not wishing to change from what they have been doing (they might be frightened of progress). A shortcoming can be believed to be bosses not upholding the discoveries of the hazard mapping, along these lines urging individuals to work hazardously. There could be an issue with individuals not having any desire to partake because of a concern of weight from the board to ‘get the activity done’. A shortcoming could be that if there is an absence of duty from businesses once issues have been featured, there could be a deferral in the hazard being expelled or controlled. End and suggestions In the wake of examining different kinds of research strategies, unmistakably no strategy is great. It appears that relying on the kind of information required, this may figure out which technique is ideal to be turned out. Indeed, even the likelihood that one research strategy probably won't be sufficient to get all information required (the body mapping technique may just be a beginning stage), thus more than one technique might be reasonable in specific cases. From breaking down this information, when moving toward the workforce it might be smarter to utilize more than one methodology so as to precisely report potential dangers to the board. This methodology won't just make the information progressively exact, yet additionally put forth the defense increasingly indisputable. In the wake of investigating all the distinctive research strategies I plan to suggest that either the TU or the organization, or both use a portion of the exploration strategies, beginning with body mapping a nd driving on from that point to different procedures.

Rise and Rise of Indian Fashion Retail Industry

RISE AND RISE OF INDIAN FASHION RETAIL INDUSTRY The Indian Fashion retail industry has made some amazing progress since its beginning in the nation. It is consistently taking the state of economy supporter and has developed numerous folds in a decade ago. There are various residential brands like Numero Uno, Satya Paul, Pantaloons, and Provogue who have seen colossal development since the time they showed up in the market. The huge open door has additionally baited worldwide players like Burberry, Louis Vuitton, Zara, WalMart to move into the Indian Fashion Retail Industry.The potential in the division is monstrous and it is simply an issue of time before the Indian Fashion Retail Industry turns out to be globally famous. As per one gauge, over half of the retail space in India utilized by Fashion industry. Attire and materials together is biggest among the retail segments. Joining other design portions like adornments, beautifying agents, extras, watches and excellence item implies that style compensates for over 60% of retail sector.In retail establishments, design items represent around 95% of the all out deals. The offer is 70% in the Hypermarkets. In the year 2009, the estimation of attire industry in India was INR 32,70,000 million. It is evaluated to develop at around 11 percent and should arrive at INR 1,03,20,000 million by 2020. The most significant factor for this lofty development and prominence of Fashion items is the enormous populace of our country.Also, with the ascent of an ever increasing number of businesses there is a checked increment in the salary level of individuals bringing about all the more spending power also. Individuals are purchasing style items like never before previously. When the fundamental needs of food and haven are met the emphasis moves on attempting to look and feel much improved. There is a recognizable development in the quantity of design retail outlets. The Indian Fashion Retail segment comprises of retail establishm ents, colossal shopping centers, hypermarkets, etc.In money related terms, the industry has design brands which offers reasonable style apparel and is inside the buying influence of a typical man. It likewise has brands offering premium style items which are extremely costly. Presentation of web based retailing has added another measurement to the design retail portion and will without a doubt help to support the deals further. The Indian Fashion has an incredible future ahead and makes certain to become one the greatest Industry in the nation as far as fiscal force included. Watch out for the blast.

Essay Topics For Government Class

Essay Topics For Government ClassYou can spend a lot of time in the classroom and still have only a few topics to work with. This is probably the reason why most teachers tend to stress out on getting their students to a high score on their exams or an A grade on their papers. The problem with this approach is that it leads students to focus on getting good grades rather than working on something that they are interested in.In order to keep students interested in learning about certain subjects, you need to introduce them to essay topics for government class. And to do this, you need to use different tools such as flyers, brochures, and even videos.So what do essay topics for government course actually consist of? It depends on your school but some of the topics that you will learn about include: the role of government in society, the problems caused by excessive reliance on technology, the benefits of non-profit organizations, or the value of conservation of natural resources. After you learn about the subject, you can make suggestions for changes or improvements to the government programs.One thing that you should avoid doing is to start your lesson on one of the important points and then quickly move on to the next. This may seem strange but students do this often. If you want to get them to write about a specific topic, you need to start from the beginning. That way, you can also get them to spend more time thinking about the subject and getting them excited about it.You can use a digital camera to take pictures of the subjects you want to discuss in class. This will be very helpful, since you can edit the pictures later to make sure that everything looks good.In order to get better quality images, you should think about getting a digital camera that can automatically take a picture when you push the button. This will make it easier for you to take the necessary shots of your essay topics for government class.Another useful tool that you can use is to make your own websites for using the same content. You can use these websites to link to from your blogs and other places you use online.So if you are a teacher and are looking for ways to help your students learn more about topics related to government, you might want to consider using these online resources. Just remember that these should not be used as a substitute for classroom discussion. But rather, you can use them to introduce the topics to students who are more interested in the topics.

Event Evaluation Report (Essay) - 1650 Words

Event Evaluation Report (Essay Sample) Content: NameTutorClassDateEvent Evaluation ReportIntroductionThis report presents the activities of the event held at Norton Heath Equestrian Centre in Chelmsford on 10 November 2013. The event was a dressage show that had been adequately prepared for by the organizers. It was the most successful event in 2013, as it did not disappoint all people in attendance. All riders who had registered for the competition attended on time, and hence the event started immediately five minutes before nine am as scheduled. The clear organization of the show was the result of a tiring one-week exercise by the main organizers of the show, the Cravers Group. The Cravers Group is a group of young people who have passion in organizing events and enjoy the success of the events. Having been mentored by members of staff and committee members from Ingatestone and Blackmore Riding Club, the group ensured that it did all that entailed in planning for the show as well as organizing it. Limitless effor ts by the members could be noticed where they sacrificed their own obligations for the success of the organization of the show. The members were able to overcome the challenges that threatened to stop the events from happening. Through thorough consultations, they were able to organize the best show ever in Norton Heath Equestrian Centre.Brief Description of the Dressing ShowA dressage is the development of the rider and the horse until they build one harmonious and balanced team. In its preliminary stages, dressage helps the rider and the horse communicate with each other and hence, they are able to develop strength, balance, accuracy, and flexibility. Consequently, riders who have different backgrounds and competitive objectives use dressage in order to create a pleasant and improve the performance of the horse. Through dressage, a horse is able to use its body and it becomes balanced and light while in the arena. There is subtle communication between the horse and the rider such a way that after sometime, the horse seems to be performing without the rider.Riders volunteered in high numbers and had to register five days before the big day. They also had to confirm their attendance two days before the competition day so that the group would be able to plan how the competition would be held. The main objective for the competition, according to the group, was to practice their skills of organizing an event until it succeeds. In addition, the group wanted to bring the riders together and make them practice dressage as well as entertaining the people who would attend the show. It was also the best platform of marketing the group as successful event organizers so that big corporations would give them other opportunities and use the learnt lessons in organizing other events. Some of the targeted customers of the event included corporations that encouraged dressing in the country, individuals as well as, other businesses, which sought to market their products during the dressage show.Expenses and income madeFor the show to be successful, expenditure was inevitable. However, due to scarcity of capital, the group had to minimize the expenses up to a level that was reasonable enough and affordable to everyone. Since it was the first time for the group to organize such an event, the members could not take huger risks since they feared failing to meet their targets. Since the group had hired space and facilities from Norton Heath Services, it had to pay a fee of ÂÂ £500 to cover these expenses. Since the group had planned to offer refreshments for the customers, it had budgeted for ÂÂ £ 41.70. Judges in the competition had to be paid ÂÂ £55. There were three judges where two were hired and one was a group member, and hence he did it free as a way of appreciation. The group also purchased test sheets, which cost ÂÂ £25. It also had to pay for three rosettes, which cost ÂÂ £270. First aid services had been hired in case of em ergencies and they cost ÂÂ £ 18 per hour. The whole event took ten hours; hence, ÂÂ £ 180 was used for the services. The total expenses amounted to ÂÂ £1071.70. In order to reimburse this amount, the group members had to raise the amount through the sale of tickets. The event was a total- sold- out, and the tickets raised an amount of ÂÂ £1032. The amount was able enough to refund the expenses incurred and the surplus was channeled to the account of the group. It was a non- profit event, and hence, the price of the tickets was reasonable enough. The group did not have any income targets since its main aim of the collections was to refund the expenses incurred during the preparation of the event.Preparation of the showFor the preparation of the event, the whole group of six members had to take part for the event to be successful. Delegation was the best decision made so that every activity would be accomplished within the stipulated time. Three of the members had the roles of planning and brainstorming what was best for the group. The other three worked hard to implement what was planned and this involved linking with all the relevant stakeholders of the event. However, when one group needed the other for assistance, they would work together for the success of the day. Efforts of members of staff and committee members from Ingatestone and Blackmore Riding Club could not be ignored as they helped a lot in briefing the group regarding planning and organization of the show. The members of the committee issued instructions on how to limit the expenditures so that there would not be much to spend. They also gave the group effective marketing strategies so that the tickets could be totally sold out. The committee also ensured that the competition was in order and helped in the making of the program of the day. Other specialists consulted include Racers, an organization that helped the group in organizing the horse competition fully.Marketing of th e showThe group formulated ways which to market the show. First, the group members met at the home of one of the members where they held a brainstorm meeting on how they would market their event. This happened one month to the show and the members concluded on the most suitable methods of marketing that would help them meet their customer target. One of the suggested ways of marketing was publication of posters around the region. The members had to contribute money for the posters, which would be refunded immediately after the show. The condition of refund was that the takings from the show had to raise enough amount for the same. This motivated the members to ensure that the target was hit so that they would get the refund. In addition, the members agreed on personal appeal to the potential customers. The members vowed to convince at least five customers per person each day, and this would make a good assured number. As a strategy, the members had to prepare advance tickets, which would assure the attendance before the day of the show. The marketing strategies were effective, as most of the advance, tick...

Racism A Fight For Equality - 1516 Words

A Fight for Equality in Education System Racism is in many sectors has been known for long to be negatively affecting people. In this, people who belong to the minority group are mostly affected since they are sidelined in all courses of development. Like in other nations, East Los Angeles since late before 1967 has a school system that had been affected with racism. In these schools, people who were mostly affected were the Mexican American community. In most cases, the Mexican American community was seen not to have the abilities of doing well in education and therefore they were oppressed. The atmosphere of the school systems according to the Mexican American students was hostile to them and required reforms in order to accommodate the needs of all the students regardless of their characteristics. To the Mexican American students and Sal Castro, education system brought great inequality within the schools since Mexican American students used poor facilities and their abilities were constantly underestimated. With the oppressive conditions within the schools systems, the students felt that the system must be replaced with a system that is inclusive. Through this, Sal Castro who was a teacher together with student leaders e.g. Paula Crisostomo, college students, and groups e.g. the United Mexican American Students (UMAS) came up with different grievances to be aired to the board of education. Some of the grievances developed by these activists included the revision ofShow MoreRelatedAmerica: Racist Tyrant Essay976 Words   |  4 Pagesbenefits those who are not strong to receive equality in law and civil rights. Jefferson fought for freedom and right for America. King also fought for better civil rights for his black people. 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Issues concerning social justice are to protect those who are more vulnerable in various aspects of life. Some of the issues are poverty, immigration, racism, and government, as well as women, gay, and minority groups’ rights, amongst many others. The aim of those who advocate for social justice is to reach equality throughout. For example, it raises the issue of why is there poverty in the world? Why is there such a big gap between the wealthy and the poor? What can we do aboutR ead MoreThe Social Philosophies On The Race Theory And Feminism Approaches1316 Words   |  6 Pagesviewed as a self-conscious way of thinking. It is referred to as ideas of human differences beginning from ancient times to today. Racism is made up of practices and commitments deriving from racial hierarchies. However, the thought is that where there is a race, racism follows and vise versa, therefore, consequences adheres to this notion. The definitional of racism is results from the idea of what is done to races in social term, certain races, and how they are judged (Lewis R. Gordon, 2015).Read MoreBooker T Washington And W. E. B. Dubois Persuasive Essay1326 Words   |  6 PagesPassive vs. Aggressive Fight for Rights There was no right to vote, no right to education, no freedom of speech or religion, no fair treatment by the law which means there was no equality. Even though these are rights and principles of the American Constitution, these did not apply to all races during the 19th and 20th centuries, especially African Americans. Even though these are rights that should apply to all people African Americans didn’t not apply to these laws, especially in the SouthernRead MoreSojourner Truth And Maya Angelou Essay1505 Words   |  7 Pagesled parallel fights for African American equality. Despite living in different time periods, both of these women laid the groundwork for activists to come. Sojourner Truth was born into slavery in 1797, she later escaped which led her to become an abolitionist to fight for the freedom of others. Maya Angelou was born almost 150 years later in 1928, and faced much of the same hate-fuelled racism. Living in the south during the Civil Rights Era pushed Ang elou to become an activist to fight for those withoutRead MoreAtticus Finch Role Model1015 Words   |  5 Pageschapter. Atticus is the father of Jem and Scout and appears in every chapter. While some might think Atticus is not a proper role model, he is a good role model because he treats everybody with respect, he sees other races as equal, and he fights for equality. Atticus Finch treats everyone with respect, and this makes him a great role model. This is very evident when Atticus is questioning Mayella during the trial, and she thinks that Atticus is mocking her because he calls her â€Å"Miss Mayella†

Thanksgiving Quotes for Kids

Thanksgiving Day  is perhaps the best time to talk to your kids about family values and tradition. Kids love to participate in Thanksgiving celebrations, from decorating and helping mash the potatoes, to creating cards and sitting with the family for the feast. These Thanksgiving quotes for kids can help reinforce your value system in a fun, interactive way. You can use them to adorn your Thanksgiving dinner table, plan a treasure hunt, or write each quote on a piece of paper for them to read aloud before dinner. Linda G. Paulsen, Ballad of the MayflowerHey, Ho, Dee-o, Dee-o! The Pilgrims came to Plymouth Rock; Hey, HoSimple people, strudy stock; Hey, HoTo be free they crossed the sea,Thanked the Lord on bended knee; Hey, Ho, Dee-o, Dee-o! CiceroA thankful heart is not only the greatest virtue, but the parent of all the other virtues. William WordsworthAll that we behold is full of blessings. John Fitzgerald KennedyAs we express our gratitude, we must never forget that the highest appreciation is not to utter words, but to live by them. Ralph Waldo EmersonFor flowers that bloom about our feet;For tender grass, so fresh, so sweet;For song of bird, and hum of bee;For all things fair we hear or see,Father in heaven, we thank Thee! Melody BeattieGratitude unlocks the fullness of life. It turns what we have into enough, and more. It turns denial into acceptance, chaos to order, confusion to clarity. It can turn a meal into a feast, a house into a home, a stranger into a friend. Gratitude makes sense of our past, brings peace for today and creates a vision for tomorrow. Frank A. ClarkIf a fellow isnt thankful for what hes got, he isnt likely to be thankful for what hes going to get. Meister EckhartIf the only prayer you said in your whole life was, thank you, that would suffice. Cindy MargolisMy favorite meal is turkey and mashed potatoes. I love Thanksgiving, its just my favorite. I can have Thanksgiving all year round. Courtland MilloyNothing purchased can come close to the renewed sense of gratitude for having family and friends. Bobby JindalOn Thanksgiving I will stop to give thanks that my family is safe and healthy, especially because I realize that, following the tragedies of this year, it is all too real a possibility that they might not have been. Thornton WilderWe can only be said to be alive in those moments when our hearts are conscious of our treasures. Harry A. IronsideWe would worry less if we praised more. Thanksgiving is the enemy of discontent and dissatisfaction. George CanningWhen our perils are past, shall our gratitude sleep? John Greenleaf WhittierAh! On Thanksgiving day...When the care-wearied man seeks his mother once more,And the worn matron smiles where the girl smiled before.What moistens the lips and what brightens the eye?What calls back the past, like the rich pumpkin pie?

Mythology in The Virgin Suicides - 561 Words

When one first thinks of mythology the first things that first come to mind are probably stories of Greek gods and goddesses, and the humans that prayed to them. We often forget that mythology does not end or begin with the Greeks. Authors have been using mythology for many would say centuries as a source for symbols, characters, situations, or images that conjures up universal feedback. In the case of â€Å"The Virgin Suicides† by Jeffrey Eugenides one of the archetypes that we see play out throughout the novel is the one of The Virgin Mary. The Virgin Mary in â€Å"The Virgin Suicides† represents a sense of foreshadowing at the beginning and towards the end of the book, provide an allegory between the Libson girls and The Virgin Mary, and help†¦show more content†¦Cecilia is not known to be very religious; but yet, she is found holding a laminated picture of the Virgin Mary. As the story develops we almost forget this small but important detail amidst all the other symbols Eugenides throws at us but we come back to the laminated picture of the Virgin Mary during the last months of the remaining Libson girls lives. â€Å"Just as we had begun to despair of ever being near them again, more laminated pictures of the Virgin Mary began showing up† (Eugenides 182). We begin to see the significance of the laminated picture of the Virgin Mary had not only to the boys but also to the Libson girls. These cards were their only way of communicating with the outside world. They knew that if they left these cards the person who found them would know that it was coming from them because of the fact that Cecilia was found holding one on the day of her attempted suicide. The card Cecelia held and the last card the girls left were almost a sign of bad things to come. The last card the girls left said â€Å"Tomorrow. Midnight. Wait for our signal† (Eugenides 195). The remaining Libson girls wanted to in a way imitate the night their younger s ister’s failed suicide attempt. The Virgin Mary also provides an allegory between her, the archetype, and the Libson girls. In the Catholic church the Virgin Mary is the mother of of God andShow MoreRelatedRape : A Common Narrative Element2066 Words   |  9 PagesA common narrative element in most Greek and Roman mythology is rape, whether it be at the will of the gods or mortal man. From these unions, deities and heroes are born, and/or social institutions are reinforced. Most stories of rape follow a similar structure: the god, or man, sees a beautiful woman and fills with love or burning passion, he devises a plan/disguise to rape her, and the significant other learns of the affair and is vengeful. 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She writes the stories from the women’s point of view to allow for an expansion of a character that falls outside of the normal one-dimensional depictions. Siren Song, Happy Endings, Spelling and Lusus Naturae highlight the way in which a female personalityRead More Sylvia Plaths Poetry Essay2870 Words   |  12 Pagesear, she seeks solace in the pattern of colored stars, knowing that she must find fulfillment in the world immediately around her, by â€Å"no longer†¦.liste n[ing] for the scrape of a keel on the blank stones of landing†(C. 21). Borrowing from German mythology, the poem â€Å"Lorelei† begins to exhibit Plath’s fascination with death (Aird 23). Water imagery, rooted in her childhood on the Atlantic ocean, plays a tremendous role in Plath’s poetry. The last years with her father still alive were spent near waterRead MoreThe Opening Stage Directions Of Scene Three As Your Starting Point1513 Words   |  7 Pagesa white suite with a fluffy bodice,† White traditionally being used to symbolize purity and innocence. In scene eleven Blanche describes her jacket as being ‘Della Robbia blue, The blue of the robe in the old Madonna pictures.†, Madonna being the virgin mother, again highlighting this idea of purity and virginity. However, these ideas are juxtaposed to the lifestyle Blanche has lead and her actions- as she openly flirts with Stanley, a married man, â€Å"I was flirting with your husband† and with youngerRead MoreIs Multiculturalism Bad For Women?1490 Words   |  6 Pagesrights related to multiculturalism, Okin describes several stories, examples, and historical cases of women being controlled within their culture. Her examples include France’s historical permission of polygamy due to the immigrants’ culture; Greek mythology; Adam and Eve from the Bible; Orthodox Jews living in the mountains; and Sarah and Abraham from the Bible. She uses these examples to illustrate her point that, â€Å"Most cultures have as one of their principal aims the control of women by men.† (590)Read MoreDeceit and Sexual Womens Sexual Sins in Dantes Inferno1536 Words   |  7 Pagescharacteristics are a foreshadowing of the sins possessed by the many women whom Dante will later encounte r. This monster is contrasted by Dante’s feminine ideal, his true love Beatrice. She reflects a divine love sent by the purest of women, the Virgin Mary, and even asks Virgil to guide Dante through the hell. Her motivation is clear â€Å"It is I Beatrice, who send you to him I come from the blessed height for which I yearn. Love called me hereRead MoreAthena: The Goddess of War and Skill907 Words   |  4 Pagesit lets us know that this Goddess is a warrior. This is most likely the warrior Goddess or Goddess of war and skill, Athena. Athena is depicted here defending herself with her shield; she is often seen with a shield or a spear. Athena is the Greek virgin Goddess of war, arts, and literature. Athena was born out of Zeus’s head full grown as well as in full armor. There are many variations of Athena’s birth, for example, one of them says that Hephaestus split open the head of Zeus with an ax to easeRead MoreGreek Mythology8088 Words   |  33 PagesGreek  Mythology   I   INTRODUCTION   Temple  of  Apollo  at  Didyma   The  Greeks  built  the  Temple  of  Apollo  at  Didyma,  Turkey  (about  300  bc).  The  temple  supposedly  housed  an  oracle   who  foretold  the  future  to  those  seeking  knowledge.  The  predictions  of  the  oracles,  delivered  in  the  form  of  riddles,   often  brought  unexpected  results  to  the  seeker.  With  Ionic  columns  reaching  19.5  m  (64  ft)  high,  these  ruins   suggest  the  former  grandeur  of  the  ancient  temple.   Bernard  Cox/Bridgeman  Art  Library,  London/New  York   Read MoreWomen and Desire: the Unwillingness of Society to Permit Desire in Women2505 Words   |  11 Pagesget to her sisters apartment. They told me to take a street-car named Desire, and transfer to one called Cemeteries, and ride six blocks and get off at--Elysian Fields! (Williams 1980). The n ame of the street is an obvious allegation to Greek mythology where Elysian Fields is the name of the land of the dead. The journey that Blanche takes is a version of her own life where taking the road of desire has led her to social death, or rather, the expulsion from her home town of Laurel, Mississippi

Essay on Sordaria Lab Report - 2280 Words

Meiosis and Genetic Diversity in Sordaria 979554296 Biology 110 Lab Introduction: In Israel there exists multiple spots in the mountains called Evolution Canyons, which are all located between a southern facing slope (SFS) and a northern facing slope (NFS). What’s particularly interesting about these locations is that despite the two slopes being on opposite sides of a small canyon, they exhibit extremely contrasting conditions. The SFS receives multiple times the UV radiation from the sun that the NFS receives, has fluctuating weather, and is generally an arid and less hospitable region compared to the temperate, stable environment of the NFS. Scientists collected wild type Sordaria fimicola inhabiting both slopes and discovered†¦show more content†¦There should be an observable line of black dots, the mature perithecia, growing along the dividing lines that separate the four quadrants. Next, open the plate and using an inoculating loop, scrape some of the perithecia from the middle of one of the four dividing lines before depositing the sample onto a microscope slide. Use a squirt bottle of water to place a drop of water on top of the sample before covering it with a cover slip. Using a pencil eraser or your finger, apply slight pressure to the sample to release the asci from the perithecia without releasing the individual spores and slide around the cover slip to spread out the asci. Place the slide under a compound light microscope and observe the sample at 100X magnification in order to find the asci, before increasing the magnification to 400X for a clearer view. to Draw a sketch of the perithecium squash and asci in the results section. The final step of the experiment involves scoring (counting) ~10 clearly visible asci and recording how many of each of the three possible patterns of asci (4:4 (no recombination), 2:4:2, 2:2:2:2 (crossing over did occur)) there were in Table 1 of the results section. Following scoring one’s individual sample, clean up the inoculating loop, microscope slide, and co ver slip, and put away the microscope. Collaborate with another person or group and combine individual data inShow MoreRelatedSordaria Fimicola Lab Report2063 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Nicole Hain Bio 110 Sordaria fimicola Lab Report Introduction â€Å"Evolution Canyon† consists of two slopes in Israel that are close in proximity, but have a huge difference in environment. This makes the slopes a good model system for exploring evolution, especially because they’re so close to one another. The South Facing Side (SFS) receives more sunlight than the North Facing Side (NFS). This extreme sun exposure causes the South slope to have drought and arid conditions whereas the North side hasRead MoreSordaria Finicola Lab Report1890 Words   |  8 PagesGenetic Variation in Sordaria Finicola Introduction: The purpose of the Sordaria Lab was to explore the affects of genetic variation caused by meiosis and to record how sexual reproduction] affects the amount of crossing over in certain strains of Sordaria Fimicola. These organisms are ascomycetes and are also known as sac fungi. This is because the shape of their asci is in the form of a sac; inside each sac there are structures called ascospores. It is these structures, ascospores, where genetic

Censorship in Music free essay sample

Music Congress shall make no law abridging the freedom of States Constitution) However, It seems almost everywhere; many forms of art are being unfairly censored. One such form that Is often overlooked as art is music. Music Is probably the most censored of all art forms(The Economist; p 73) There are hundreds of artists who have been unfairly censored, ranging from popular music from artists such as Mine, 2 Live Crew, and NNW, to classical music, such as Mozart Figaro.However unfair and unconstitutional this censorship is, the fact is hat questionable music and lyrics are encouraging impressionable young children to follow their messages. Rappers like DIM or NNW, preaching gang violence often are the straw that breaks the camels back, and finally pushes a child looking for guidance into the world of gangs. The truth is that these children need to be protected from the harsh realities of the world surrounding them, but is censoring music the right way to do it? No corporation can exist without authority of government. Government shouldnt allow corporations that Infect and contaminate the minds of children to be allowed to exist. (Dry. C. Dolores Tucker before senate subcommittee). This Is one solution that seems to make good sense to many to support the censorship of music. Music of artists such as NNW, who urges their listeners to say, F*KC the Police, or Mine, who says hell Kill You, surround children, especially in urban areas. This type of music encourages children to get into drugs and gang violence.In the past eight years, the period in which gangs rap has been heavily promoted, teenage drug use has increased more than four-fold (Dry. C Dolores Tucker). The government is the underlying power that allows corporations to send messages like these to children, and the government is the only resource we can use to stop it. Young people often look to performing artists for moral guidance and inspiration as well as entertainment, but when these artists glorify guns and beatings they are Injecting poison Into the veins of Americas future (Correct Scott King).This argument Is not Isolated to urban areas, or rap music. In fact, hard rock groups have been blamed as the cause of several school shootings. The shooting at Columbine High School In Littleton Colorado was attributed to the music of Marilyn Manson. The most recent shooting blamed on occurred in Senate California; the alleged shooter had said that he was listening to Link Parks album, Hybrid Theory the night before the shooting. In 1985, Tipper Gore, wife of former Vice President AY Gore, as well as many other concerned parents came together to create the Parents Music Resource Center.Mrs. . Gore quickly became one of the leading fugues in the fight against obscene lyrics in popular music. Soon thereafter, the MARC began campaigning to let parents everywhere know that the music their children were listening to was depraved. The MARC, as well as representatives from the recording studios, testified before the senate. They reached a compromise, In which the music would not be altered, however, there would be a label that read Parental Advisory, Explicit Lyrics adorning the covers of albums that the MARC found harmful to children.The 1973 Supreme Court decision Miller v. California gave local government control over music they Luther Campbell, leader of the group 2 Live Crew, in 1990; during a concert in Miami Florida, after the group had performed their song Nasty as We Want To Be, authorities went on stage and arrested him. However, this did not work out in the Marcs favor; the controversy of the arrest sent 2 Live Crews sales skyrocketing, and in 1992, the group appealed the court decision and was given back the right to sing their song.Although there seems to be so much good to be gained from censoring controversial artists, we are in essence taking away their fundamental right of freedom of speech; if certain groups get enough power that they can choose whose rights will be abridged, then America will no longer be the free country it was always intended to be. If certain song lyrics offend some listeners, that, though unfortunate, s not acceptable grounds for invoking blanket censorship. The truth is that even if laws were passed banning talk of guns, violence, and obscene words in music, it would still not stop the spread of this type of music.Now with the Internet and file sharing programs like Anapest and mesh, any type of censorship would not only be immoral, it would be next to impossible. And even if words like Bogota or Ongoing were banned, it wouldnt stop homophobia or racism in America. Banning gangs rap wouldnt do anything, except hide the truths that lie in the inner cities (Walsh, p. 1). All that could possibly do is keep it hidden, but Just because a problem is hidden, does not make it any less off problem.There is no simple solution to all of Americas problems, and it seems that groups like MARC trying to do exactly that, to find one solution that will solve all of the problems we have in todays society. Artists do not use these words to incite riots or hate in people. Their often controversial lyrics merely express their opinions, and there is no harm in self expression. For many, music carries with it a definite therapeutic value. Member of NNW, MS Rene said, A record cant make nobody do anything. Sometimes doing a record is Just my way of getting back I can speak out. When people listen to the record, thats their way of speaking back.They put it in their car and bump it up as loud as they can (Seminar, p. 63) Censoring music seems like a great idea to solve a lot of the problems facing America today, but in fact suppressing the messages of these songs wouldnt solve any problems, it would Just hide them and create more problems. If we start to rebel against our own Constitution, the document on which our countries values are based, who is to say America will remain a democracy for long? If we start changing certain aspects of the Constitution, what is stopping us from changing the whole thing and in essence the ideology of our entire country?How long could any country last if it starts to go against the fundamentals on which it is based? Not very long. Censoring music seems like it could work, but if we look beyond the immediate problems, we see the real answer. Owe can Jetti son all that stuff, everything that makes us feel squeamish or uneasy or anxious. We can shove it all underground, airbrush it over with a smiley-face finish, and then when we look in the mirror, all objects will appear to be more perfect than they actually are.

Calvin And Hobbes Essay Example For Students

Calvin And Hobbes Essay HobbesNo one has masterfully argued that people are essentially estranged as Thomas Hobes, the mordant and witty English philosopher. The natural human state, Hobbes maintained, is one of war of every man, against every man. Where there is no strong central government to overawe them all, then men have no pleasure, but on the contrary a great deal of grief, in keeping company. Life in such a state, Hobbes asserted in one of the most famous phrases in the literature of political theory, is solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short. 2 levels of estrangement in Hobbess philosophy. Psychological level and Ontological levelHobbes was a materialist , he saw every reality as wholly definable in terms of space, time, and the laws of causation. The universe is composed of objects in motion. Hobbes believes that each person is concerned with personal safety. Hobbes says that peace is needed by everyone. Among the great political thinkers only one, Thomas Hobbes, maintained that in their purely worldly qualities people are essentially equal. Hobbes view people are les deserving of equal respect than of equal disdain. Hobbes opposed constitutionalism because of his pessimistic appraisal of human nature. Many passages in Hobbes writings show that he did not desire or even envision the possibility of anything like modern totalitarianism. For Hobbes, any division of power was an invitation to chaos. LockeJohn Locke defended the establishment of constitutional government in England and who influenced the framers of the American Constitution, clearly did not believe people to be equal in their observable qualities. They were, for Locke, equal only in the rights received from God. Believed that most people have the sense to see that others have certain rights, such as the right to life, simply because they are human beings. Most people are disposed to respect these rights. Human reasonableness for Locke meant both the capacity and the inclination to live by reason. The idea that government should be wholly detached in matters of belief, and individual men and women left completely on their own, developed fairly recently, only two or three hundred years ago Locke defended such a doctrine near the end of the seventeenth century. (equality) John Locke, the prinicpal theorist of modern liberalism, apparently assumed that government would generally be carried on by a hereditary aristocracy. (power and possessers) A person is not obliged to obey unless he has voluntarily agreed to do so. At one point Locke seems to imply that not only does the founding of a government require consent but that every governmental act significantly affecting a persons life or rights requires consent, for he writes that the Supream Power cannot take from any Man any part of his Property without his own consent. The theory that political obligatrion is based on consent subordinates government to freedom. Even assuming that Locke did not mean to go so far as to require consent for every particular governmental act, his general pint is that nothing can be rightfully demanded of us that does not accord with each ones uncoerced and conscious will.(limits) Lockes views were drawn from a solidly established medieval tradition, itself the outgrowth of an ancient Greek and Roman constitutionalist tradition. (ends) Locke based his individualism, in economic and spiritual matters alike, on the same broad principles, and that the typical American liberal has rejected these principles in regard to the one area but clings to them in regard to the other. Locke assumed a certain essential estrangement among human beings. Locke also assumed that despite estrangement there is a natural harmony among individuals. If each one is left free to seek out and affirm ones own personal truth, universal truth will emerge spontaneously. .u219e610816dff47695aa9547633865df , .u219e610816dff47695aa9547633865df .postImageUrl , .u219e610816dff47695aa9547633865df .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u219e610816dff47695aa9547633865df , .u219e610816dff47695aa9547633865df:hover , .u219e610816dff47695aa9547633865df:visited , .u219e610816dff47695aa9547633865df:active { border:0!important; } .u219e610816dff47695aa9547633865df .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u219e610816dff47695aa9547633865df { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u219e610816dff47695aa9547633865df:active , .u219e610816dff47695aa9547633865df:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u219e610816dff47695aa9547633865df .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u219e610816dff47695aa9547633865df .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u219e610816dff47695aa9547633865df .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u219e610816dff47695aa9547633865df .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u219e610816dff47695aa9547633865df:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u219e610816dff47695aa9547633865df .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u219e610816dff47695aa9547633865df .u219e610816dff47695aa9547633865df-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u219e610816dff47695aa9547633865df:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The French And Indian War Essay Locke conceived of freedom primarily as the absence of governmental restraint. He doesnt say that life without government would be terrible or impossible. He says that a government may save time and annoyance by doing for its citizens what they would have to do for themselves. Marx(estrangement) Karl Marx, the major intellectual source of socialism and communism, has shaken Western institutions more profoundly than any utterance since the Reformation. The key to Marxs attitude lay in the importance he attributed to economic conditions. Marx held that our ideas and feelings in truth our whole nature are shaped by our economic situation. Marx identified classes in economic terms because his emphasis on the formative power of economic circumstances allowed no other differentia to be of primary significance. The main class division is between people who own nothing and thus have to work and people who own property and thus command the resources on which the lives of all others depend. According to Marxa human being cannot be identified with any abstract, changeless concept of human nature We are what we do; our nature is defined by our work. Marx doesnt think there could be any unity among the classes even if there were no serious conflict of interest dividing them. Marx believed that there was such a conflict. Owners of the means production are compelled by the system of production to oppress the workers. The most effective oppostion to Marxism has probably come from those who hold that while justice does not sanction the division of society into separate and unequal classes, all classes can perceive the requirements of justice and can be brought to cooperate in eradicating, or at least mitigating, class distinctions. Liberals tend to agree with Marx. (equality) Marx and Rousseau alike stood for the general principle of radical democracy, government carried on either directly by the people or by representatives held closely to the immediate will of the people. (inequality) Marx assumed liberty and equality to be interdependent. Many of his most determined opponents deny that this is so. One of the chief pointes of contention in this controversy is capitalism. Marx believed that capitalism created the kind of highly developed industrial order that would render both liberty and equality accessible but that capitalism has to be replaced by socialism before humankind could lay hold of these benefits. Marxs opponents, many of them, assert that liberty and equality are in conflict, but that capitalism provides as large a measure of each as is practically attainable. RousseauRousseau believed that through thinking we alienate ourselves from reality and from our own being. Rousseaus assertion that a human being can be forced to be free is a paradox.. Since we usually assume that being forced and being free are opposite states. (ends of power) Rousseau and Marx, who thought that governments rarely if ever sought a common good, concentrated on showing how the reign of selfishnes might be overcome. (limits) Rousseau never explicitly attacked constitutional government. Rousseau seems to envision a commonwealth in which the lives of individuals are asorbed into the common life and regulated in every detail by the popular will. Rousseau demands that anyone refusing to subscribe to the articles of this faith be banished and that anyone who does subscribe to them and then behaves as if he does not believe them should be put to death. (power and possessers) says we are deprived of our humanity by having to live under a government in which we have no part. He thought they possessed what amounts to moral and political sanctity, the people. One result is the theory of the general will which was definitively formulated by Rousseau, although it had been implicit in other political philosophies, such as those of Plato and Aristotle

Public goods and externalities

Table of Contents Introduction Public goods Externalities Government intervention Conclusion Works Cited Introduction The competitive of the marketplace is very beneficial to the public in that it ensures that the very scarce resources are made available to the public in their highest values. Despite this benefit, there are certain limits to the marketplace. For instance, the production of a certain good that is economically important to both consumers and producers or even to the nation may be prohibited. In other cases, their production may either be below or above the average or required production.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Public goods and externalities specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This situation is referred to as market failure which occurs when the marketplace fails in its allocation of resources meant for production of goods by either under allocating or over allocating the resource s. When such cases occur, the government, then, comes in to play its economic role to the public. This is because the marketplace is considered a private sector of the economy rather than a public venture. However, the government, in its efforts to revive the economy mainly through taxation, it faces certain inefficiencies which have the potential to prevent the efficiency of the process. This paper will, therefore, look at the conditions at which the marketplace is considered to have failed and the role played by the government in during such interventions (Block 1). Public goods Public goods may be defined as goods whose consumption by one individual does not hinder other individuals from consuming the same good. Public goods are characterized by two aspects; nonrivalry and nonexcludability. Nonrivalry applies to a situation which allows for simultaneous consumption of a good by many people without interference. Thus, in this aspect, public goods can be consumed simultaneously by everyone. For instance, enjoyment of a well protected environment by one person cannot hinder other members of the public from enjoying the same. The nonexcludability aspect of public goods implies that everyone is inclusive in the benefits associated with the public good as long as it exists. This is because there are no ways that can effectively prevent some people from enjoying the good. For instance, there is no way some public members can be prevented from enjoying street lights as long as they are in place and on. These characteristics of public goods creates a condition known as free rider problem whereby any public good, regardless of the producer, is enjoyed by everyone most of which are not payers of the good because, logically, many people cannot pay for something which they can get hold of free of charge.The demand for public goods is, therefore, not expressed in the marketplace due to the free rider problem. Due to this factor, many potential firms are not willing to pr ovide resources that would avail the good but in a profitable basis. This is the time when the society directs such needs to the government to provide the desired good. A very good and significant example of a public good is the homeland security defense which undertakes efforts to provide protection to all Americans since it can never exclude some people from obtaining benefits from its services.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In addition, the benefits associated with the good are economical taking into consideration the costs involved in availing the good to citizens. Like discussed earlier, private firms find it uneconomical to them to venture into the good as the free rider problem hinders them from gaining profits from provision of the good. Therefore, this is the point where the market fails by not providing adequate allocation of resources to the provision o f the good. The government then undertakes its economic role by providing the good to Americans and due to the free rider problem, the government uses strategic plans such as taxes to finance the provision of the good (McDonnell 2010). To understand the concept of public goods better, let us review the concept of private goods and try to compare the two. Public goods are produced on the basis of the competitive marketplace. They cover the common and wide range of goods available in shops and stores for purposes of sale. Contrary to public goods, private goods are characterized by two aspects which are rivalry and excludability. They are rivalry in the sense that once an individual buys and uses a good, the good is no longer available for another individual to buy and consume. Similarly, private goods are excludable in the sense that individuals who are not willing to pay for the goods cannot enjoy their benefits since only those who pay the required price for the good are provided w ith it. In other words, private goods are provided for profitability by the providers unlike public goods whose provision is non profitable. The marketplace, therefore, ensures that private goods are always made available to the customers. In addition, efficient allocation of resources to the same is made especially now that competition for consumer goods is on the rise. Producers therefore use the best technologies there is in the production of such goods in order to maintain their market (Block 1). Externalities Externalities may be defined as the involvement of a third party usually out of the market transaction in the accruement of costs and benefits involved in the marketplace. It occurs when the costs and/or benefits associated with a market transaction are passed over to another person other than the buyer and the seller. The third party may be involved in the marketplace transaction positively or negatively hence the existence of positive and negative externalities. Negative externalities occur when a third party gets involved in the production cost of a good without gaining any benefits from the production process. These costs passed on to a third party are referred to as spill over costs. A good example of a negative externality is the environmental pollution resulting from the factories such as chemical producers and petroleum refinery plants.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Public goods and externalities specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The wastes produced during the production of goods, be it chemical wastes or odors finally find their way into the society. Most of the people who are affected by theses wastes may not even consume the product being produced when the waste was produced. Some of these effects on third party may even bring health associated problems during which the affected individuals have to seek and pay for their medical services without compensation from the production firms. Negative externalities have positive effects to the producers in the sense that the costs passed on to the society, which is the third party in this context, reduces the producers’ marginal costs because their production and supply curves do not include those production costs that were instilled on the third party. Due to the reduced cost of production involved, the firms are likely to get more profits since the amount of goods produced does not change at all but rather the production cost gets reduced. However, this is considered as a market failure In that there is over allocation of resources to the production of that specific good which is evidenced by production of too many units of the commodity at the expense of the third party (Cowen 1). On the other hand, positive externalities occur when third parties, external from the marketplace, benefit from the production or consumption process involving the producer and the consumer. These benefits m ay occur to individuals or to the society as whole during time, which the beneficiaries enjoy the spillovers without having to compensate payments. A very good example of a positive externality is education. While individual benefit personally from education by being assured of good jobs which would lead to high income rates, the society at large enjoys some benefits from it without compensation. These benefits may include economical benefits in providing a more productive workforce or social benefits such as reduced crime cases as well as increased welfare activities and other programs. The result of positive externalities is that the demand curve of the market does not reflect the spillover benefits but rather the private benefits only. This results to an equilibrium output which is much less than the optimal output and this influences the market in its failure to allocate adequate resources for the production of such commodities (Cowen 1). Government intervention When the marketp lace is unable to efficiently provide public goods or is unable to deal with externalities, many people or the society as a whole are affected. It is during such times that the government intervenes to play its economic role to the public. This could be done through one or a combination of various economic strategies adopted by the government.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More One of the most commonly used methods is the use of direct controls where the government limits the exercising of the particular activity causing negative externalities to the community. Implementation of direct controls involves forcing the firms in question to incur the production costs that would have otherwise been incurred by the third party. For instance, the clean-air legislation is a direct control in which factories are required to put in place control technologies which would ensure uniform limited standards of air pollution/emissions. To ensure that these laws are followed fines and imprisonment penalties are imposed on those who violate the laws. Direct controls have the effect of increased marginal costs of production. The other strategy of handling negative externalities by the government is the imposition of specific taxes or charges where the government requires the payment of a given amount on each unit production of a commodity whose production affects the public n egatively. The firms must therefore, pay the taxes to compensate for the externalities or can choose to use advanced technology to produce the commodity which would, in return, prevent the occurrence of the externalities. Either way, production firms suffer from increased production costs (McDonnell, 2010). Besides countering the negative externalities, the government also has strategies to handle positive externalities that are disseminated. These controls constitute the third strategy by the government in its economical intervention in the marketplace. It involves the use of subsidies and product provision by the government. Subsidies may be given to the buyers/consumers or to the producers. To the customers, it involves giving discounts on the product whose resources are under allocated. On the other hand, the buyers are given subsidies by the government by reversing the taxation imposes. The producers’ costs of production reduce as the supply increases. Finally, the gover nment can correct large positive externalities by providing the product at lower costs or at times for free. However, the provision of such goods by the government may entail exclusion whenever possible to minimize the effect of free rider problem. Such products include education, medical service provision, just to mention a few. However, the market may regulate the externalities by limiting the governments’ participation in the economy (McDonnell, 2010). Conclusion The role of the government in maintaining a healthy economy to the public is very important because the marketplace only caters for those who have the ability to pay for their products. In addition, the production of private goods may lead to negative as well as positive effects (externalities) to the public. When the market is unable to handle such externalities, the government intervenes in order to protect the society. However, the government is faced with some challenges in its efforts to curb the externalitie s most of which are politically oriented. For instance, provision of quasi goods to the public may be blocked by powerful politicians so that they can gain personal benefits from the supposed costs. In other cases, the programmed strategies may fail to work and this failure is more likely to require further funding to facilitate the achievement of the proposed economic goals. In addition, the government may, in its efforts to regulate market externalities, overregulate or underregulate the production spillovers. Works Cited Block, Walter. Public goods and externalities. 1983 – April 6, 2011,  https://mises.org/library/public-goods-and-externalities-case-roads Cowen, Tyler. Public goods and externalities. 2002 – April 6, 2011,  http://www.econlib.org/library/Enc1/PublicGoodsandExternalities.html McDonnell, Bruce. Principles of macroeconomics. 2010. This research paper on Public goods and externalities was written and submitted by user Adelina Gallegos to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Read The Lowest Animal by Mark Twain

Read The Lowest Animal by Mark Twain Fairly early in his career – with the publication of numerous tall tales, comic essays  and the novels Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  Mark Twain earned his reputation as one of Americas greatest humorists. But it wasnt until after his death in 1910 that most readers discovered Twains darker side. Composed in 1896, The Lowest Animal (which has appeared in different forms and under various titles, including Mans Place in the Animal World) was occasioned by the battles between Christians and Muslims in Crete. As editor Paul Baender has observed, The severity of Mark Twains views on religious motivation was part of the increasing cynicism of his last 20 years. An even more sinister force, in Twains view, was the Moral Sense, which he defines in this essay as the quality which enables [man] to do wrong. After clearly stating his thesis in the introductory paragraph, Twain proceeds to develop his argument through a series of comparisons and examples, all of which appear to support his claim that we have reached the bottom stage of development. The Lowest Animal by Mark Twain I have been scientifically studying the traits and dispositions of the lower animals (so-called), and contrasting them with the traits and dispositions of man. I find the result humiliating to me. For it obliges me to renounce my allegiance to the Darwinian theory of the Ascent of Man from the Lower Animals; since it now seems plain to me that the theory ought to be vacated in favor of a new and truer one, this new and truer one to be named the Descent of Man from the Higher Animals. In proceeding toward this unpleasant conclusion I have not guessed or speculated or conjectured, but have used what is com ­monly called the scientific method. That is to say, I have sub ­jected every postulate that presented itself to the crucial test of actual experiment, and have adopted it or rejected it according to the result. Thus I verified and established each step of my course in its turn before advancing to the next. These experiments were made in the London Zoological Gardens, and covered many months of painstaking and fatiguing work. Before particularizing any of the experiments, I wish to state one or two things which seem to more properly belong in this place than further along. This in the interest of clearness. The massed experiments established to my satisfaction certain gener ­alizations, to wit: That the human race is of one distinct species. It exhibits slight variations (in color, stature, mental caliber, and so on) due to climate, environment, and so forth; but it is a species by itself, and not to be confounded with any other.That the quadrupeds are a distinct family, also. This fam ­ily exhibits variations – in color, size, food preferences, and so on; but it is a family by itself.That the other families – the birds, the fishes, the insects, the reptiles, etc. – are more or less distinct, also. They are in the procession. They are links in the chain which stretches down from the higher animals to man at the bottom. Some of my experiments were quite curious. In the course of my reading I had come across a case where, many years ago, some hunters on our Great Plains organized a buffalo hunt for the entertainment of an English earl. They had charming sport. They killed seventy-two of those great animals; and ate part of one of them and left the seventy-one to rot. In order to determine the differ ­ence between an anaconda and an earl (if any) I caused seven young calves to be turned into the anacondas cage. The grateful reptile immediately crushed one of them and swallowed it, then lay back satisfied. It showed no further interest in the calves, and no disposition to harm them. I tried this experiment with other anacondas; always with the same result. The fact stood proven that the difference between an earl and an anaconda is that the earl is cruel and the anaconda isnt; and that the earl wantonly destroys what he has no use for, but the anaconda doesnt. This seemed to suggest that the anaconda was not descended from the earl. It also seemed to suggest that the earl was descended from the anaconda, and had lost a good deal in the transition. I was aware that many men who have accumulated more millions of money than they can ever use have shown a rabid hunger for more, and have not scrupled to cheat the ignorant and the helpless out of their poor servings in order to partially appease that appetite. I furnished a hundred different kinds of wild and tame animals the opportunity to accumulate vast stores of food, but none of them would do it. The squirrels and bees and certain birds made accumulations, but stopped when they had gathered a winters supply, and could not be persuaded to add to it either honestly or by chicane. In order to bolster up a tottering reputa ­tion the ant pretended to store up supplies, but I was not de ­ceived. I know the ant. These experiments convinced me that there is this difference between man and the higher animals: he is avaricious and miserly; they are not. In the course of my experiments I convinced myself that among the animals man is the only one that harbors insults and injuries, broods over them, waits till a chance offers, then takes revenge. The passion of revenge is unknown to the higher animals. Roosters keep harems, but it is by consent of their concu ­bines; therefore no wrong is done. Men keep harems but it is by brute force, privileged by atrocious laws which the other sex were allowed no hand in making. In this matter man occupies a far lower place than the rooster. Cats are loose in their morals, but not consciously so. Man, in his descent from the cat, has brought the cats looseness with him but has left the unconsciousness behind (the saving grace which excuses the cat). The cat is innocent, man is not. Indecency, vulgarity, obscenity (these are strictly confined to man); he invented them. Among the higher  animals  there is no trace of them. They hide nothing; they are not ashamed. Man, with his soiled mind, covers himself. He will not even enter a drawing room with his breast and back naked, so alive are he and his mates to indecent suggestion.  Man  is The Animal that Laughs. But so does the monkey, as Mr. Darwin pointed out; and so does the Australian bird that is called the laughing jackass. No!  Man  is the Animal that Blushes. He is the only one that does it or has occasion to. At the head of this  article  we see how three monks were burnt to death a few days ago, and a prior put to death with atrocious cruelty. Do we inquire into the details? No; or we should find out that the prior was subjected to unprintable muti ­lations. Man (when he is a North American Indian) gouges out his prisoners eyes; when he is King John, with a nephew to render untroublesome, he uses a red-hot iron; when he is a reli ­gious zealot dealing with heretics in the Middle Ages, he skins his captive alive and scatters salt on his back; in the first Richards time he shuts up a multitude of Jew families in a tower and sets fire to it; in Columbuss time he captures a family of Spanish Jews and (but  that  is not printable; in our day in England a man is fined ten shillings for beating his mother nearly to death with a chair, and another man is fined forty shillings for having four pheasant eggs in his possession without being able to satisfacto ­rily explain how he got t hem). Of all the animals, man is the only one that is cruel. He is the only one that inflicts pain for the pleasure of doing it. It is a trait that is not known to the higher animals. The cat plays with the frightened mouse; but she has this excuse, that she does not know that the mouse is suffering. The cat is moderate – unhumanly moderate: she only scares the mouse, she does not hurt it; she doesnt dig out its eyes, or tear off its skin, or drive splinters under its nails – man-fashion; when she is done playing with  it she  makes a sudden meal of it and puts it out of its trouble.  Man  is the Cruel Animal. He is alone in that distinction. The higher animals engage in individual fights, but never in organized masses.  Man  is the only animal that deals in that atrocity of atrocities, War. He is the only one that gathers his brethren about him and goes forth in cold blood and with  calm  pulse to exterminate his kind. He is the only animal that for sordid wages will march out, as the Hessians did in our Revolu ­tion, and as the boyish Prince Napoleon did in the Zulu war, and help to slaughter strangers of his own species who have done him no harm and with whom he has no quarrel. Man  is the only animal that robs his helpless fellow of his country – takes possession of it and drives him out of it or destroys him.  Man  has done this in all the ages. There is not an acre of ground on the globe that is in possession of its rightful owner, or that has not been taken away from owner after owner, cycle after cycle, by force and bloodshed. Man  is the only Slave. And he is the only animal who en ­slaves. He has always been a slave in one form or  another,  and has always held other slaves in bondage under him in one way or another. In our day he is always some mans slave for wages, and does that mans  work; and  this slave has other slaves under him for minor wages, and they do  his  work. The higher animals are the only ones who exclusively do their own work and provide their own living. Man  is the only Patriot. He sets himself apart in his own country, under his own flag, and sneers at the other nations, and keeps multitudinous uniformed assassins on hand at heavy ex ­pense to grab slices of other  peoples  countries, and keep them from grabbing slices of  his. And in the intervals between cam ­paigns, he washes the blood off his hands and works for the universal brotherhood of man, with his mouth. Man  is the Religious Animal. He is the only Religious Ani ­mal. He is the only animal that has the True Religion – several of them. He is the only animal that loves his neighbor as  himself,  and cuts his throat if his theology isnt straight. He has made a graveyard of the globe in trying his honest best to smooth his brothers path to happiness and heaven. He was at it in the time of the Caesars, he was at it in Mahomets time, he was at it  in  the time of the Inquisition, he was at it in France a couple of cen ­turies, he was at it in England in Marys day, he has been at it ever since he first saw the light, he is at it today in Crete (as per the telegrams quoted above), he will be at it somewhere else tomor ­row. The higher animals have no religion. And we are told that they are going to be left out, in the Hereafter. I wonder why? It seems questionable taste. Man  is the Reasoning Animal. Such is the claim. I think it is open to dispute. Indeed, my experiments have proven to me that he is the Unreasoning Animal. Note his history, as sketched above. It seems plain to me that whatever he is he is not a reasoning animal. His record is the fantastic record of a maniac. I consider that the strongest count against his intelligence is the fact that with that record back of him he blandly sets himself up as the head animal of the lot: whereas by his own standards he is the bottom one. In truth, man is incurably foolish. Simple things which the other animals easily learn, he is incapable of learning. Among my experiments was this. In an hour I taught a cat and a dog to be friends. I put them in a cage. In another hour I taught them to be friends with a rabbit. In the course of two  days  I was able to add a fox, a goose, a squirrel and some doves. Finally a monkey. They lived together in peace; even affectionately. Next, in another  cage  I confined an Irish Catholic from Tipperary, and as soon as he seemed tame I added a Scotch Presbyterian from Aberdeen. Next a Turk from Constantinople; a Greek Christian from Crete; an Armenian; a Methodist from the wilds of Arkansas; a Buddhist from China; a Brahman from Benares. Finally, a Salvation Army Colonel from Wapping. Then I stayed away two whole days. When I came back to note results, the cage of Higher Animals was all right, but in the other there was but a chaos of gory odds and ends of turbans and fezzes and plaids and bones – not a specimen left alive. These Reasoning Animals had disagreed on a theological detail and carried the matter to a Higher Court. One is obliged to concede that in true loftiness of character, Man cannot claim to approach even the meanest of the Higher Animals. It is plain that he is constitutionally incapable of  approaching  that altitude; that he is constitutionally afflicted with a Defect which must make such approach forever impossible, for it is manifest that this defect is permanent in him, indestructible, ineradicable. I find this Defect to be the Moral Sense. He is the only animal that has it. It is the secret of his degradation. It is the quality  which enables him to do wrong. It has no other office. It is incapable of performing any other function. It could never hate been intended to perform any other. Without it,  man  could do no wrong. He would rise at once to the level of the Higher Animals. Since the Moral Sense has but the one office, the one capacity to enable man to do wrong – it is  plainly  without value to him. It is as valueless to him as is  disease. In fact, it manifestly  is  a disease. Rabies is bad, but it is not so bad as this disease. Rabies enables a man to do a thing, which he could not do when in a healthy state: kill his neighbor with a poisonous bite. No one is the better man for having rabies: The Moral Sense enables a man to do wrong. It enables him to do wrong in a thousand ways. Rabies is an innocent disease, compared to the Moral Sense. No one, then, can be the better man for having the Moral Sense. What now, do we find the Primal Curse to have been? Plainly what it was in the beginning: the infliction upon  man  of the Moral Sense; the ability to distinguish good from evil; and with it, necessarily, the ability to do evil; for there can be no evil act without the presence of consciousness of it in the doer of it. And so I find that we have descended and degenerated, from some far ancestor (some microscopic atom wandering at its pleasure between the mighty horizons of a drop of water perchance) insect by insect, animal by animal, reptile by reptile, down the long highway of  smirchless  innocence, till we have reached the bottom stage of development – nameable as the Human Being. Below us – nothing. Nothing but the Frenchman.